Animals

Passive sentences in English

WHAT IS A PASSIVE STRUCTURE?
Active sentences usually focus on who did the action:

• My sister broke the window.

Whereas passive sentences usually focus on who or what suffered the effects of the action:

• The window was broken.

On most occassions the agent (who did the action) is not mentioned but, if relevant, it can be mentioned after the preposition by.

• The window was broken by my sister.
• Don Quixote was written by Cervantes.

HOW IS IT MADE?
Passive structures have these elements:

1. the passive subject (my sister)
2. verb be in the right tense (the same tense that would be used in the corresponding active structure)
3. the past participle of the lexical verb
4. only if necessary, the agent (by + ______)

CHANGING ACTIVE SENTENCES  INTO THE PASSIVE

1. The object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive structure
2. verb be in the same tense as the active verb in the active structure
3. past participle of the main verb
4. the subjet of the active sentence becames the object in the passive structure (by + agent)
• Peter builds a house. -> A house is built by Peter.
• They were cooking dinner when we arrived. -> Dinner was being cooked when we arrived.
• I will finish it tomorrow. -> It will be finished tomorrow.

PASSIVE SENTENCES WITH TWO SUBJECTS (ONLY ESO-4)
Some active sentences have both a direct and an indirect object. In English both can be the subject in a passive structure. The indirect object is introduced by to in the passive sentence.

• ACTIVE: My sister asked me a question.
• PASSIVE 1: A question was asked to me.
• PASSIVE 2: I was asked a question.

• ACTIVE. The teacher explained the exercise to the students.
• PASSIVE 1: The exercise was explained to the students.
• PASSIVE 2: The studens were explained the exercise.

Eso 3 passives from Ana Arias Castro

Revision of passive sentences from Ana Arias Castro

EXERCISES

• Exercise 1 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercise 2 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercise 3 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercises 4 (www.englisch-hilfen.de)
• Exercise 5 (www.itslj.org)
• Exercise 5 (http://a4esl.org)
• Exercise 6 passives in the present simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 7 Passives in the past simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 8 passives in the present perfect (Perfect English)
• Exercise 9 passives in the future simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 10 mixed passive tenses (Perfect English)
• Exercise 11 passives with two objects (Perfect English) ONLY 4ºESO STUDENTS
• Exercise 12 (English Current)
• Passives (easier exercises)
• Passives (more difficult exercises)
• Hot Potatoes ESO-3
• Hot Potatoes ESO-4
• Passives Game (1 or 2 players)
• ESL library-correct verb form 
• Digital Campus-conversion exercise 
• ESL Lounge: active to passive exercise 

Modal verbs for ESO-3

Modal verbs for ESO-3 students from Ana Arias Castro

MEANING

• CAN/CAN'T: ability, possibility
• MUST/MUSTN'T:: obligation/prohibition
• SHOULD/SHOULDN'T:: advice

EXERCISES

• can/can't 
• can/could/be able to
• have to / has to
• must / mustn't 1
• must / mustn't 2
• mustn't / don't have to
• can / may / must / could / might 
• can / must / should
• deduction: may / might / could / must / can't (British Council)
• musn't / can / can't / have to / don't have to / must (British Council)
• have to / don't have to / must / mustn't (Oxford)
• can / should / must (Learn English Feel Good 1)
• can / should / must (Learn English Feel Good 2)
• can / must / should ( Learn English Feel Good 3)
• can / could / should / might (Learn English Feel Good 4)
• can / should / might (Learn English Feel Good 5)
• can / can't / must / mustn't / needn't /have to / don't have to (Speak Speak)

Food Mind Map

Our menu

Comparatives and superlatives

These next weeks we are going to study comparative and superlative structures in our classes.  This chart summarizes the main points that you have to keep in mind:

Eso 3 comparatives & superlatives from Ana Arias Castro

If you want to download the worksheet used in class, click here and if you want to check if you already know this grammar structure, you may try:

• Summary of grammar and exercise (the sheet at the top)
• more detailed grammar rules 
• exercise sheet
• this Hot Potatoes exercise.
• geography quizz
• crosswords from the BBC Learning English website
• English at home: grammar summary
• English at home: online exercise
• Englisch-hilfen comparatives 1
• Englisch-hilfen comparatives 2
• Englisch-hilfen superlatives 1
• Englisch-hilfen superlatives 2
• Englisch-hilfen as...as
• learnenglishfeelgood.com online exercise
• a selection of exercises from tolearnenglish.com
• basic comparatives: grammar and exercise from English at Home
• British Council: modifying comparatives
• Comparatives exercise (English at Home)
• Superlatives exercise (English at Home)

Now try comparing the pairs and groups of elements in this presentation:

Comparison groups from Ana Arias Castro

Comparatives from Ana Arias Castro

Last exercise: Compare the people in this picture:

Description of our classroom

In our classroom there are nine students’ green desks and one teacher’s brown desk. There is a green table at the back of the classroom. There is a board with some posters and calendars.
There are some students and there is a teacher.
There are two doors and four big windows. There are two large radiators and some sockets.
There are some books in the bookcase and there is a paper bin.
On the walls there is a clock and there are some maps. There is a white board and a projector.

Passive sentences

WHAT IS A PASSIVE STRUCTURE?
Active sentences usually focus on who did the action:

• My sister broke the window.

Whereas passive sentences usually focus on who or what suffered the effects of the action:

• The window was broken.

On most occassions the agent (who did the action) is not mentioned but, if relevant, it can be mentioned after the preposition by.

• The window was broken by my sister.
• Don Quixote was written by Cervantes.

HOW IS IT MADE?
Passive structures have these elements:

1. the passive subject (my sister)
2. verb be in the right tense (the same tense that would be used in the corresponding active structure)
3. the past participle of the lexical verb
4. only if necessary, the agent (by + ______)

CHANGING ACTIVE SENTENCES  INTO THE PASSIVE

1. The object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive structure
2. verb be in the same tense as the active verb in the active structure
3. past participle of the main verb
4. the subjet of the active sentence becames the object in the passive structure (by + agent)
• Peter builds a house. -> A house is built by Peter.
• They were cooking dinner when we arrived. -> Dinner was being cooked when we arrived.
• I will finish it tomorrow. -> It will be finished tomorrow.

PASSIVE SENTENCES WITH TWO SUBJECTS (ONLY ESO-4)
Some active sentences have both a direct and an indirect object. In English both can be the subject in a passive structure. The indirect object is introduced by to in the passive sentence.

• ACTIVE: My sister asked me a question.
• PASSIVE 1: A question was asked to me.
• PASSIVE 2: I was asked a question.

• ACTIVE. The teacher explained the exercise to the students.
• PASSIVE 1: The exercise was explained to the students.
• PASSIVE 2: The studens were explained the exercise.

Eso 3 passives from Ana Arias Castro

Revision of passive sentences from Ana Arias Castro

EXERCISES

• Exercise 1 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercise 2 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercises 3 (www.englisch-hilfen.de)
• Exercise 4 (www.itslj.org)
• Exercise 5 (http://a4esl.org)
• Exercise 6 passives in the present simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 7 Passives in the past simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 8 passives in the present perfect (Perfect English)
• Exercise 9 passives in the future simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 10 mixed passive tenses (Perfect English)
• Exercise 11 passives with two objects (Perfect English) ONLY 4ºESO STUDENTS
• Exercise 12 (English Current)
• Exercise 13 Change these sentences into the passive (Hot Potatoes)
• Hot Potatoes ESO-3
• Hot Potatoes ESO-4
• Passives Game (1 or 2 players)
• ESL library-correct verb form 
• Digital Campus-conversion exercise 
• ESL Lounge: active to passive exercise

Modal verbs

Modal verbs for ESO-3 students from Ana Arias Castro

MEANING

• CAN/CAN'T: ability, possibility
• MUST/MUSTN'T:: obligation/prohibition
• SHOULD/SHOULDN'T:: advice

EXERCISES

• can/can't 
• can/could/be able to
• have to / has to
• have to / can / should
• must / mustn't 1
• must / mustn't 2
• mustn't / don't have to
• can / may / must / could / might 
• can / must / should
• musn't / can / can't / have to / don't have to / must
• must / mustn't / have to / don't-doesn't have to (British Council)
• have to / don't have to / must / mustn't (Oxford)

Modal verbs

Modal verbs for ESO-3 students from Ana Arias Castro

MEANING

• CAN/CAN'T: ability, possibility
• MUST/MUSTN'T:: obligation/prohibition
• SHOULD/SHOULDN'T:: advice

EXERCISES

• can/can't 
• can/could/be able to
• have to / has to
• have to / can / should
• must / mustn't 1
• must / mustn't 2
• mustn't / don't have to
• can / may / must / could / might 
• can / must / should
• musn't / can / can't / have to / don't have to / must
• must / mustn't / have to / don't-doesn't have to (British Council)
• have to / don't have to / must / mustn't (Oxford)

Revision for ESO-3 exam

GRAMMAR:
Revision of tenses
More tenses:

• Revision of tenses
• present simple / present continuous
• past simple / past continuous
• future simple / going to / future continuous
• present perfect and past simple
• REVISION OF ALL TENSES EXERCISE

Comparatives and superlatives
Conditional sentences
Quantifiers in English

VOCABULARY:
Places in a town
Travel checklists
Food

INTERACTION:
At the restaurant
Shopping for clothes

WRITING
How to write an essay
Connectors

Neiu4 0-summary of tenses from Ana Arias Castro

First and second type conditional sentences

Revision for the ESO-3 exam

1. VERB TENSES (present simple / present continuous / past simple / past continuous / present perfect / future simple (will) / going to / would)
• be / have got
• present simple /present continuous
• past simple / past continuous
• revision of tenses
2. QUANTIFIERS
3. ESSAY
• DIALOGUE: SHOPPING FOR STATIONERY
• PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

exam 3º ESO from Tino Grandio

Revision for the ESO-3 test

1. VERB TENSES (present simple / present continuous / past simple / past continuous / present perfect / future simple (will) / going to / would)
• be / have got
• present simple /present continuous
• past simple / past continuous
• revision of tenses
2. QUANTIFIERS
3. ESSAY
• DIALOGUE: SHOPPING FOR STATIONERY
• PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION

exam 3º ESO from Tino Grandio

This new school year

This year in ESO-3 and ESO-4 English we are going to learn English by improving our reading, writing, listening and speaking skills.
These are the materials you will need:

• A textbook:

• English in Use 3 for ESO-3 students
• New English in Use 4 for ESO-4 students

• something to write with: a pen
• a notebook, binder or some other type of paper
• a folder or any other system to keep the photocopies and handouts you will be given
• and most of all, enthusiasm and energy to learn English

We will do many activities from the textbook but we will also:

• bring real texts, songs and websites to the classroom
• devote 1 (out of 3) classes every week to oral activities and interaction
• have games and use many internet resources
• use this blog to organize the materials and activities we will carry out
• have one eTwinning project

There will be at least one written exam per term but exams will only account for 60% of your final mark.The rest will be awarded like this:

• 60% exam
• 20% written work done in class
• 10% oral activities
• 10% report about books you have read

Passive sentences

WHAT IS A PASSIVE STRUCTURE?
Active sentences usually focus on who did the action:

• My sister broke the window.

Whereas passive sentences usually focus on who or what suffered the effects of the action:

• The window was broken.

On most occassions the agent (who did the action) is not mentioned but, if relevant, it can be mentioned after the preposition by.

• The window was broken by my sister.
• Don Quixote was written by Cervantes.

HOW IS IT MADE?
Passive structures have these elements:

1. the passive subject (my sister)
2. verb be in the right tense (the same tense that would be used in the corresponding active structure)
3. the past participle of the lexical verb
4. only if necessary, the agent (by + ______)

CHANGING ACTIVE SENTENCES  INTO THE PASSIVE

1. The object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive structure
2. verb be in the same tense as the active verb in the active structure
3. past participle of the main verb
4. the subjet of the active sentence becames the object in the passive structure (by + agent)
• Peter builds a house. -> A house is built by Peter.
• They were cooking dinner when we arrived. -> Dinner was being cooked when we arrived.
• I will finish it tomorrow. -> It will be finished tomorrow.

PASSIVE SENTENCES WITH TWO SUBJECTS (ONLY ESO-4)
Some active sentences have both a direct and an indirect object. In English both can be the subject in a passive structure. The indirect object is introduced by to in the passive sentence.

• ACTIVE: My sister asked me a question.
• PASSIVE 1: A question was asked to me.
• PASSIVE 2: I was asked a question.

• ACTIVE. The teacher explained the exercise to the students.
• PASSIVE 1: The exercise was explained to the students.
• PASSIVE 2: The studens were explained the exercise.

Eso 3 passives from Ana Arias Castro

Revision of passive sentences from Ana Arias Castro

EXERCISES

• Exercise 1 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercise 2 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercise 3 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercises 4 (www.englisch-hilfen.de)
• Exercise 5 (www.itslj.org)
• Exercise 5 (http://a4esl.org)
• Exercise 6 passives in the present simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 7 Passives in the past simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 8 passives in the present perfect (Perfect English)
• Exercise 9 passives in the future simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 10 mixed passive tenses (Perfect English)
• Exercise 11 passives with two objects (Perfect English) ONLY 4ºESO STUDENTS
• Exercise 12 (English Current)
• Passives (easier exercises)
• Passives (more difficult exercises)
• Hot Potatoes ESO-3
• Hot Potatoes ESO-4
• Passives Game (1 or 2 players)
• ESL library-correct verb form 
• Digital Campus-conversion exercise 
• ESL Lounge: active to passive exercise 

modal verbs for 3º ESO

WHAT IS A MODAL VERB?

• A modal is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to express: ability, possibility, permission or obligation. Modal phrases are used to express the same things as modals, but are a combination of auxiliary verbs and the preposition to. The characteristics of modal verbs are:
• they have their own negative:
• can - can't
• must - mustn't
• should - shouldn't
• they have their own interrogative:
• Can you come?
• Must we go?
• What should I do?
• they are usually followed by another verb:
• We shouldn't finish after 8.
• They could drive a car at 16.
• they never change form, never add -s, -ed, -ing.
• He can ride a bike.
• They mustn't drive at night.
• they are always followed by an infinitive without to.

Modal verbs from Ana Arias Castro

MEANING

• CAN/CAN'T: ability, possibility
• MUST/MUSTN'T:: obligation/prohibition
• SHOULD/SHOULDN'T:: advice

EXERCISES

• can/can't 
• can/could/be able to
• have to / has to
• have to / can / should
• must / mustn't 1
• must / mustn't 2
• mustn't / don't have to
• can / may / must / could / might 
• can / must / should
• musn't / can / can't / have to / don't have to / must
• must / mustn't / have to / don't-doesn't have to (British Council)
• have to / don't have to / must / mustn't (Oxford)

Modal verbs

MODAL VERBS
Modal verbs are commonly used verbs with some special characteristics:

1. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person.
• I can play football.
• My brother should go with you.
• She can't be serious about that.
2. They have their own negative and do not need "do".
• I shouldn't be late
• They can't drive.
• You couldn't swim when you were 3.
3. The don't have all the tenses other verbs have.
1. I will can go.- INCORRECT
2. They shoulded speak to her. - INCORRECT
4. They are always followed by another verb (bare infinitive)

Modal verbs from Ana Arias Castro

WHICH VERBS ARE MODAL?

• CAN / CAN'T
• MUST / MUSTN'T
• SHOULD / SHOULDN'T
• NEED / NEEDN'T
• SHALL / SHAN'T
• COULD / COULDN'T
• MAY / MAY NOT
• MIGHT / MIGHTN'T
• WILL / WON'T
• OUGHT TO

EXERCISES:

• can - can't
• can - could - be able to
• should - shouldn't 
• Exercise: can - must - should
• Exercise: must - don't have to
• Exercise: all modals: difficult
• Mistakes using modal verbs - difficult

Revision for 3rd year exam

1. Tenses (Choose the right tense)
1. Present simple
2. present continuous
3. past simple
4. past continuous
5. present perfect
6. future simple (will)
7. going to
2. Compare these elements. (From a list)
3. Complete the sentences with these words: a / an / some / any / a lot / a lot of / much / many / how much / how many / sometimes / never
4. Essays (about 100 words about 2 topics from a list)

TENSES

Neiu3 0-summary of tenses from Ana Arias Castro

Revision of tenses_4_eso from Ana Arias Castro

COMPARATIVES

Eso 3 comparatives & superlatives from Ana Arias Castro

http://seccionsociais.blogspot.com.es/2016/02/comparatives-and-superlatives.html

QUANTIFIERS



Post about quantifiers

ESSAYS
Here you are some advice to help you write your essays for EFL classes:

Eso 3 how to write an essay from Ana Arias Castro

and you can choose your topics from this list

Essay topics eso 3 from Ana Arias Castro

REVISION TESTS

• Unit 0
• Unit 1
• Unit 2
• Unit 3
• Unit 4
• Unit 5

Last year's exam paper

Revision for 3º ESO Exam

3º ESO

1. Revision of tenses
1. presentation
2. Dialogue asking for directions
3. some/any/how much/how many/a/an/a lot of
1. exercise
4. Essays

Revision tests

• unit 0
• unit 1
• unit 2

3ºSB-ESO

1. Revision of tenses
2. Definitions of words
3. Complete with some/any/no/a lot of/how much/how many
4. Essays

Neiu3 0-summary of tenses from Tino Grandio