Modal verbs

Modal verbs for ESO-3 students from Ana Arias Castro

MEANING

• CAN/CAN'T: ability, possibility
• MUST/MUSTN'T:: obligation/prohibition
• SHOULD/SHOULDN'T:: advice

EXERCISES

• can/can't 
• can/could/be able to
• have to / has to
• must / mustn't 1
• must / mustn't 2
• mustn't / don't have to
• can / may / must / could / might 
• can / must / should
• deduction: may / might / could / must / can't (British Council)
• musn't / can / can't / have to / don't have to / must (British Council)
• have to / don't have to / must / mustn't (Oxford)
• can / should / must (Learn English Feel Good 1)
• can / should / must (Learn English Feel Good 2)
• can / must / should ( Learn English Feel Good 3)
• can / could / should / might (Learn English Feel Good 4)
• can / should / might (Learn English Feel Good 5)
• can / can't / must / mustn't / needn't /have to / don't have to (Speak Speak)

Modal verbs

Modal verbs for ESO-3 students from Ana Arias Castro

MEANING

• CAN/CAN'T: ability, possibility
• MUST/MUSTN'T:: obligation/prohibition
• SHOULD/SHOULDN'T:: advice

EXERCISES

• can/can't 
• can/could/be able to
• have to / has to
• must / mustn't 1
• must / mustn't 2
• mustn't / don't have to
• can / may / must / could / might 
• can / must / should
• deduction: may / might / could / must / can't (British Council)
• musn't / can / can't / have to / don't have to / must (British Council)
• have to / don't have to / must / mustn't (Oxford)
• can / should / must (Learn English Feel Good 1)
• can / should / must (Learn English Feel Good 2)
• can / must / should ( Learn English Feel Good 3)
• can / could / should / might (Learn English Feel Good 4)
• can / should / might (Learn English Feel Good 5)
• can / can't / must / mustn't / needn't /have to / don't have to (Speak Speak)

Passive sentences

WHAT IS A PASSIVE STRUCTURE?
Active sentences usually focus on who did the action:

• My sister broke the window.

Whereas passive sentences usually focus on who or what suffered the effects of the action:

• The window was broken.

On most occassions the agent (who did the action) is not mentioned but, if relevant, it can be mentioned after the preposition by.

• The window was broken by my sister.
• Don Quixote was written by Cervantes.

HOW IS IT MADE?
Passive structures have these elements:

1. the passive subject (my sister)
2. verb be in the right tense (the same tense that would be used in the corresponding active structure)
3. the past participle of the lexical verb
4. only if necessary, the agent (by + ______)

CHANGING ACTIVE SENTENCES  INTO THE PASSIVE

1. The object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive structure
2. verb be in the same tense as the active verb in the active structure
3. past participle of the main verb
4. the subjet of the active sentence becames the object in the passive structure (by + agent)
• Peter builds a house. -> A house is built by Peter.
• They were cooking dinner when we arrived. -> Dinner was being cooked when we arrived.
• I will finish it tomorrow. -> It will be finished tomorrow.

PASSIVE SENTENCES WITH TWO SUBJECTS (ONLY ESO-4)
Some active sentences have both a direct and an indirect object. In English both can be the subject in a passive structure. The indirect object is introduced by to in the passive sentence.

• ACTIVE: My sister asked me a question.
• PASSIVE 1: A question was asked to me.
• PASSIVE 2: I was asked a question.

• ACTIVE. The teacher explained the exercise to the students.
• PASSIVE 1: The exercise was explained to the students.
• PASSIVE 2: The studens were explained the exercise.

Eso 3 passives from Ana Arias Castro

Revision of passive sentences from Ana Arias Castro

EXERCISES

• Exercise 1 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercise 2 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercise 3 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercises 4 (www.englisch-hilfen.de)
• Exercise 5 (www.itslj.org)
• Exercise 5 (http://a4esl.org)
• Exercise 6 passives in the present simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 7 Passives in the past simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 8 passives in the present perfect (Perfect English)
• Exercise 9 passives in the future simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 10 mixed passive tenses (Perfect English)
• Exercise 11 passives with two objects (Perfect English) ONLY 4ºESO STUDENTS
• Exercise 12 (English Current)
• Exercise 13 Change these sentences into the passive (Hot Potatoes)
• Passives (easier exercises)
• Passives (more difficult exercises)
• Hot Potatoes ESO-3
• Hot Potatoes ESO-4
• Passives Game (1 or 2 players)
• ESL library-correct verb form 
• Digital Campus-conversion exercise 
• ESL Lounge: active to passive exercise

Reported Speech

GENERAL RULES FOR REPORTED SPEECH

• Tenses change from present to past (if we are talking about what somebody said in the past):
  • “I am 15.” ⇨ He said he was 15.
  • “We have a problem.”⇨ They said they had a problem.
  • “I can swim.” ⇨ She said that she could swim.
  • “She comes by bus.” ⇨ He said that she came by bus.
  • “Your sister doesn’t like pizza.” ⇨ She said that my sister didn’t like pizza.
  • “You are looking through the window.” ⇨ He said that I was looking through the window.
  • “They will probably fail.” ⇨ She said that they would probably fail.
  • “My mother saw a mouse.” ⇨ She said that her mother had seen a mouse.
• Personal pronouns change (if somebody is telling
  what somebody else has said before):
  
  • “I am 15.” ⇨ He said he was 15.
  • “My mother saw a mouse.” ⇨ She said that her mother had seen a mouse.
  • “We saw you at the cinema.” ⇨ They said that they had seen me at the cinema.
• Place and time complements have to be adapted to the new context:
• He came here.” ⇨ They said that he had gone there. 
• “It’s raining today” ⇨ Jake said that it was raining then / yesterday.
• “I saw you last week.” ⇨ She said that she had seen me the week before.

STATEMENTS

• Tell and say are common reporting verbs. (Tell is used before an indirect object.):
• She said that she liked pizza.
• My mother told me to go with her.
• Everyone said that the lesson was very difficult.
• He told his friends about my illness.

• Other verbs can be used: know, promise, insist, warn...
• That can be omitted after say:
• She said that she liked pizza. ⇨She said she liked pizza.
• They knew that he liked her. ⇨They knew she liked her.

QUESTIONS

• Typical reporting verbs are: ask, wonder, want to know.
• He wanted to know the opening times of the museum.
• She wondered how old my mother was.
• Subject always comes before the verb:
• She asked me how old I was.
• If the question is answered with yes or no, if should be introduced before the indirect question:
• My sister asked if you wanted to come with us.
• I wondered if she was watching the programme on TV.
• If the questions cannot be answered with yes or no, and usually begins with how / when / what / where  / who / how old... you keep this element in the reported speech and don't add if:
• He asked me "What is your name? " ⇒ He asked me what my name was.
• My mother asked me: "What time did you arrive?" ⇒ My mother asked me what time I had arrived.
• Gina asked: "When will you come tomorrow?" ⇒ Gina asked when I would come / go the following day.

• We use ask / tell + object + (not) + to + infinitive to say what people want(ed) us to do:

• “Please, open the window.” ⇨ She asked us to open the window.

• “Tidy your room.” ⇨ My father told me to tidy my room.

• “Don’t smoke here.” ⇨ My aunt asked me not to smoke in her car.

ONLINE EXERCISES

IS YOUR BOYFRIEND/GIRLFRIEND A SLOB?

HAVE OTHER TEACHERS HELP YOU UNDERSTAND REPORTED SPEECH

Reported Speech 4 ESO from IES - Junta de Andalucia

EXERCISES:

statements

• Englisch Hilfen 1 - sentences
• Englisch Hilfen 2 - sentences
• Englisch Hilfen 3 - sentences
• Englisch Hilfen 4 - pronouns
• Englisch Hilfen 5 - time phrases
• My English pages - sentences
• British Council
• Ego4You - sentences
• Perfect English - sentences

questions

• Englisch Hilfen 1 - questions
• Englisch Hilfen 2 - questions
• Ego4Youe -  questions
• Ego4You - questions 2
• Perfect English - simple questions
• Perfect English - more difficult questions

imperatives

• Englisch Hilfen 1 - commands
• Englisch Hilfen 2 - commands

Passive sentences

Passive structures from Ana Arias Castro

Passive sentences

WHAT IS A PASSIVE STRUCTURE?
Active sentences usually focus on who did the action:

• My sister broke the window.

Whereas passive sentences usually focus on who or what suffered the effects of the action:

• The window was broken.

On most occassions the agent (who did the action) is not mentioned but, if relevant, it can be mentioned after the preposition by.

• The window was broken by my sister.
• Don Quixote was written by Cervantes.

HOW IS IT MADE?
Passive structures have these elements:

1. the passive subject (my sister)
2. verb be in the right tense (the same tense that would be used in the corresponding active structure)
3. the past participle of the lexical verb
4. only if necessary, the agent (by + ______)

CHANGING ACTIVE SENTENCES  INTO THE PASSIVE

1. The object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive structure
2. verb be in the same tense as the active verb in the active structure
3. past participle of the main verb
4. the subjet of the active sentence becames the object in the passive structure (by + agent)
• Peter builds a house. -> A house is built by Peter.
• They were cooking dinner when we arrived. -> Dinner was being cooked when we arrived.
• I will finish it tomorrow. -> It will be finished tomorrow.

PASSIVE SENTENCES WITH TWO SUBJECTS (ONLY ESO-4)
Some active sentences have both a direct and an indirect object. In English both can be the subject in a passive structure. The indirect object is introduced by to in the passive sentence.

• ACTIVE: My sister asked me a question.
• PASSIVE 1: A question was asked to me.
• PASSIVE 2: I was asked a question.

• ACTIVE. The teacher explained the exercise to the students.
• PASSIVE 1: The exercise was explained to the students.
• PASSIVE 2: The studens were explained the exercise.

Eso 3 passives from Ana Arias Castro

Revision of passive sentences from Ana Arias Castro

EXERCISES

• Exercise 1 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercise 2 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercise 3 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercises 4 (www.englisch-hilfen.de)
• Exercise 5 (www.itslj.org)
• Exercise 5 (http://a4esl.org)
• Exercise 6 passives in the present simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 7 Passives in the past simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 8 passives in the present perfect (Perfect English)
• Exercise 9 passives in the future simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 10 mixed passive tenses (Perfect English)
• Exercise 11 passives with two objects (Perfect English) ONLY 4ºESO STUDENTS
• Exercise 12 (English Current)
• Passives (easier exercises)
• Passives (more difficult exercises)
• Hot Potatoes ESO-3
• Hot Potatoes ESO-4
• Passives Game (1 or 2 players)
• ESL library-correct verb form 
• Digital Campus-conversion exercise 
• ESL Lounge: active to passive exercise 

Everyday routines

Eso 1 present-simple_review from Ana Arias Castro

Garfield`s routine from karolina cueva

Christmas songs

Christmas songs 2010 from Ana Arias Castro

How to write an essay in English

Here you are some advice to help you write your essays for EFL classes:

Eso 3 how to write an essay from Ana Arias Castro

and you can choose your topics from this list

Essay topics eso 3 from Ana Arias Castro

Tenses for ESO-3 and ESO-4 students

Neiu3 0-summary of tenses from Ana Arias Castro

Neiu4 0-summary of tenses from Ana Arias Castro

Graded Readers Report

Graded readers sheet 2016-2017 from Ana Arias Castro

Describing people

Classroom language

Revision for the ESO-3 exam

ENGLISH IN USE - REVISION TESTS

• Unit 0
• Unit 1
• Unit 2
• Unit 3
• Unit 4
• Unit 5
• Unit 6
• Unit 7
• Unit 8

TENSES

• present simple / present continuous
• will/ going to
• present perfect
• past simple / past continuous
• mixed tenses:
• Aula Virtual
• Mixed tenses: beginner
• Digital Campus: mixed tenses
• Digital Campus: mixed tenses2
• a4esl: mixed tenses
• Englisch Hilfen: mixed tenses1
• Englisch Hilfen: mixed tenses2
• Morales: tenses 1
• Morales: tenses 2
• Morales: tenses 3 (write the sentence)

English tenses-form and use from Ana Arias Castro

Pp3 0-summary of tenses from Ana Arias Castro

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

COMPARATIVES

PASSIVE SENTENCES


LAST YEAR'S EXAMS

3ºeso sb 3rd term-2 from Ana Arias Castro

3ºsb 3rd term from Ana Arias Castro

3º passives+rec from Ana Arias Castro

3º ESO EXAM:

1. VERB TENSES (present simple / present continuous / past simple / past continuous / present perfect / future simple (will) / going to / would)
2. COMPARATIVES
3. PASSIVES
4. ESSAYS
• MODALS
• ADVICE (should)
• RULES (must / have to / mustn't / don't have to / can)
• CONDITIONALS
• DIALOGUE
1. DOCTOR'S
2. SHOPPING
3. RESTAURANT
4. DIRECTIONS

Revision for the ESO-3 2nd term exam

QUESTIONS:

1. Choose the correct tense of the verbs in each of the sentences given:
1. present simple
2. present continuous
3. past simple
4. past continuous
5. present perfect
6. future simple (will)
7. going to
2. Complete the sentences with the right modal verb:
1. must
2. mustn't
3. don't /doesn't have to
4. have/has to
5. should
6. shouldn't
3. Compare elements from a group of elements given
4. Writing topics (choose 2 out of 4 or 5)

REVISE:

1. tenses

Revision of tenses units 1 to 5
Try this Hot Potatoes test to revise your tenses:

1. modal verbs
2. comparatives and superlatives
3. conditional sentences

Modal verbs in English

Eso 4 modal verbs2 from Ana Arias Castro

First class in ESO-4

These are the first resources for 4ºESO:

Graded readers sheet 2015-2016 from Ana Arias Castro

Pp4 unit 1 from Ana Arias Castro

Introduction to passive sentences

This last month we are going to revise passive structures and how to use them. Here you are some additional materials for your to work on your own.

Eso 3 passives from Ana Arias Castro

SOME EXERCISES FOR YOU:

• Passives (easier exercises)
• Passives (more difficult exercises)
• Hot Potatoes ESO-3
• Hot Potatoes ESO-

OTHER INTERESTING EXERCISES:

• Passive verbs
• Correct passive forms
• Rewrite these sentences using the passive voice
• Rewrite these sentences using the passive voice2
• Rewrite these sentences using the passive voice (some have two objects)
• Advanced level-choose the right passive tense

ACTIVE TO PASSIVE

• Change these active sentences into the passive
• Change these active sentences into the passive2
• Active into passive (present simple)
• Active into passive (past simple)
• Active into passive (present perfect)
• Active into passive (future simple)
• Active into passive (mixed tenses)

TEXTS

• Tests, proverbs and quotations

Around the city

This is some vocabulary that you'll find useful when talking about a city or town.

ESO-4 Modal Verbs

These are the main modal verbs that we have been studying in class:

If you need to revise this chart or do some extra exercises, click on the following links:

• Basic verbs and written exercise (printable)
• Hot Potatoes exercise 
• Mustn't / don't-doesn't have to - exercise
• Should / shouldn't - exercise
• Grammar for ESO-3
• Grammar for ESO-4 and BAC-1