Present continuous for ESO-1

Image from tes.com

Image from Engames.com

GERUND (-ING) EXERCISES:

• crosswords -ing verbs 1 (Englisch Hilfen)
• add the -ing ending 1 (Englisch Hilfen)
• add the -ing ending 2 (Englisch Hilfen)
• add the -ing ending 3 (Englisch Hilfen)

PRESENT CONTINUOUS EXERCISES:

• affirmative sentences (Englisch Hilfen)
• affirmative sentences2 (Englisch HIlfen)
• negatives (Englisch Hilfen)
• questions (Englisch Hilfen)
• affirmatives-negatives-questions (Englisch Hilfen)

Passive sentences

WHAT IS A PASSIVE STRUCTURE?
Active sentences usually focus on who did the action:

• My sister broke the window.

Whereas passive sentences usually focus on who or what suffered the effects of the action:

• The window was broken.

On most occassions the agent (who did the action) is not mentioned but, if relevant, it can be mentioned after the preposition by.

• The window was broken by my sister.
• Don Quixote was written by Cervantes.

HOW IS IT MADE?
Passive structures have these elements:

1. the passive subject (my sister)
2. verb be in the right tense (the same tense that would be used in the corresponding active structure)
3. the past participle of the lexical verb
4. only if necessary, the agent (by + ______)

CHANGING ACTIVE SENTENCES  INTO THE PASSIVE

1. The object of the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive structure
2. verb be in the same tense as the active verb in the active structure
3. past participle of the main verb
4. the subjet of the active sentence becames the object in the passive structure (by + agent)
• Peter builds a house. -> A house is built by Peter.
• They were cooking dinner when we arrived. -> Dinner was being cooked when we arrived.
• I will finish it tomorrow. -> It will be finished tomorrow.

PASSIVE SENTENCES WITH TWO SUBJECTS (ONLY ESO-4)
Some active sentences have both a direct and an indirect object. In English both can be the subject in a passive structure. The indirect object is introduced by to in the passive sentence.

• ACTIVE: My sister asked me a question.
• PASSIVE 1: A question was asked to me.
• PASSIVE 2: I was asked a question.

• ACTIVE. The teacher explained the exercise to the students.
• PASSIVE 1: The exercise was explained to the students.
• PASSIVE 2: The studens were explained the exercise.

Eso 3 passives from Ana Arias Castro

Revision of passive sentences from Ana Arias Castro

EXERCISES

• Exercise 1 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercise 2 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercise 3 (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercises 4 (www.englisch-hilfen.de)
• Exercise 5 (www.itslj.org)
• Exercise 5 (http://a4esl.org)
• Exercise 6 passives in the present simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 7 Passives in the past simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 8 passives in the present perfect (Perfect English)
• Exercise 9 passives in the future simple (Perfect English)
• Exercise 10 mixed passive tenses (Perfect English)
• Exercise 11 passives with two objects (Perfect English) ONLY 4ºESO STUDENTS
• Exercise 12 (English Current)
• Passives (easier exercises)
• Passives (more difficult exercises)
• Hot Potatoes ESO-3
• Hot Potatoes ESO-4
• Passives Game (1 or 2 players)
• ESL library-correct verb form 
• Digital Campus-conversion exercise 
• ESL Lounge: active to passive exercise 

Relative clauses

RELATIVE PRONOUNS:

• who → when we talk about people
• which → when we talk about things
• whose → instead of his/her or their
• We also use that for who/which.

OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN

We leave out the relative pronoun (who/which/that) if it is not the subject in the sentence.

• That is the book I like.

If there is a verb after the relative pronoun who/which/that, do not leave out the relative pronoun.

• He is the teacher who spoke to us yesterday morning.

Examples with the relative pronoun who

1st part of the sentence			2nd part of the sentence
This	is	the boy	who	was	at the party yesterday.
Subject	Verb	Rest	Subject	Verb	Rest

who is subject in the sentence, do not leave it out.

1st part of the sentence			Pronoun	2nd part of the sentence
This	is	the boy	who	I	met	at the party yesterday.
This	is	the boy	can be left out	I	met	at the party yesterday.
Subject	Verb	Rest		Subject	Verb	Rest

who is not subject in the sentence, it can be left out.

Examples with the relative pronoun which/that

1stpart of the sentence			2nd part of the sentence
This	is	the bike	which	was	in the shop window.
Subject	Verb	Rest	Subject	Verb	Rest

which is subject in the sentence, do not leave it out.

1st part of the sentence			Pronoun	2nd part of the sentence
This	is	the bike	which	I	bought	yesterday.
This	is	the bike	can be left out	I	bought	yesterday.
Subject	Verb	Rest		Subject	Verb	Rest

which is not subject in the sentence, it can be left out.

TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSES

To understand the distinctions between that and which it is necessary to understand defining (restrictive) and non-defining (non-restrictive) clauses.

http://4thgradeela.weebly.com/uploads/2/0/7/7/20771340/5289752_orig.jpg

Learning these distinctions is one technical aspect of grammar that every user of English should understand, because it is at the root of an assortment of grammatical errors.

NON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

A non-defining, or non-restrictive, clause is one that can be regarded as parenthetical:

My house, which has a blue door, needs painting.

The italicized words are effectively an aside and could be deleted. The real point of the sentence is that the house needs painting; the blue door is incidental.

Use commas to set off non-defining elements, which contribute to, but do not determine, the meaning of the sentence. These elements may be clauses (groups of words that contain a subject and a verb) or phrases (groups of words that do not contain both a subject and a verb).

DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

A defining, restrictive, clause is one that is essential to the sense of the sentence.

My house that has a blue door needs painting.

Here the blue door is a defining characteristic, it helps to distinguish that house from my other houses.

Defining clauses or phrases are not separated off with commas. A restrictive clause or phrase is essential to the meaning of the sentence; it defines the word it modifies by ›restricting‹ its meaning. Eliminating a restrictive element from a sentence changes its meaning dramatically.

EXERCISES

• who / which / whose 1 (Englisch Hilfen)
• who / which / whose 2 (Englisch Hilfen)
• who / whose / which 3 (English for You)
• Link sentences with that / who (Perfect English Grammar)
• who / which / that / where / when (Montse Morales)

Future tenses: will and going to

These are some interesting websites to revise future tenses in English at lower intermediate level:

• Isabel Pérez: tenses website

GOING TO:

• Isabel Pérez: Going to boy
• Englisch Hilfen exercise

WILL:

• Isabel Pérez: Mister Will
• Englisch Hilfen exercise

MIXED TENSES:

• Exercise 1_ My English Pages
• Exercise 2: Grammar Bank
• Exercise 3: Ego4u
• Exercise 4: English Exercises
• Exercise 5: Englisch Hilfen
• Exercise 6: Better English
• Exercise 7: Using English 
• Exercise 8 : English Page

Comparatives and superlatives

These next weeks we are going to study comparative and superlative structures in our classes.  This chart summarizes the main points that you have to keep in mind:

Eso 3 comparatives & superlatives from Ana Arias Castro

If you want to download the worksheet used in class, click here and if you want to check if you already know this grammar structure, you may try:

• more detailed grammar rules 
• written exercise (printable sheet)
• exercise sheet
• this Hot Potatoes exercise.
• geography quizz
• crosswords from the BBC Learning English website
• English at home: grammar summary
• English at home: online exercise
• Englisch-hilfen comparatives 1
• Englisch-hilfen comparatives 2
• Englisch-hilfen superlatives 1
• Englisch-hilfen superlatives 2
• Englisch-hilfen as...as
• learnenglishfeelgood.com online exercise
• a selection of exercises from tolearnenglish.com
• basic comparatives: grammar and exercise from English at Home
• British Council: modifying comparatives
• Comparatives exercise (English at Home)
• Superlatives exercise (English at Home)

Now try comparing the pairs of elements in this presentation:

Comparison pairs from Ana Arias Castro

Comparison groups from Ana Arias Castro

Last exercise: Compare the people in this picture:

Past simple & past continuous

Past simple is often used for past events in a past time. Most stories are told using this tense and it is often used together with past continuous.

Past continuous or past progressive is one of the tenses we are going to study this year.

The following chart summarises the most important aspects you'll have to learn about both of them:

USES:

• Past simple is used to tell about past event or stories:
• We went to Ireland and there we met your sister.
• My parents spent a weekend in Coruña but they didn't go to the port.
• When did they release the film? Last Friday?
• Past continuous is often used to talk about what was happening at a specific time in the past (talking about memories...)
• We were watching the film at lunch time.
• Two past continuous tenses can be used to talk about long, simultaneous actions in the past:
• We were studying while the dogs were barking in the yard.
• Both tenses are used to talk about something that happened at one point (in the past simple) while a longer action was taking place (in the past continuous). In this use, the clause referring to the longer action, is often introduced by while or as; or, alternatively, the shorter action clauses is introduced by when:
• We weren't watching the film when my sister rang.
• They found the lost key as they were having a walk along the river.
• Myrtle broke here leg while she was exercising in the park.

EXERCISES:

past simple

• Revision of regular verbs -englisch-hilfen.de
• Revision of irregular verbs1 -englisch-hilfen.de
• Revision of irregular verbs2 -englisch-hilfen.de
• Revision of irregular verbs3 -englisch-hilfen.de
• Revision of irregular verbs4 -englisch-hilfen.de
• Past simple Boy -www.isabelperez.es 
• Questions in the past simple
• Past continuous and past simple exercise -British Council
• Complete with the right affirmative form of past tense-My English Pages
• Write affirmative sentences in past simple (Don't forget punctuation)
• Write these sentences in the negative
• Fill the gaps with past simple forms- Learn English Today
• Fill the gaps with past simple forms - To Learn English
• Present simple or past simple - To Learn English
• Sentences and questions in the past simple1-Englisch Hilfen
• Sentences and questions in the past simple2-Englisch Hilfen

past continuous

• Past continuous 1
• Past contunuous 2 - statements
• Past continuous 3 - statements
• Past continuous 4 - negative
• Past continuous 5 - questions
• Past continuous 6 questions
• Past continuous use

contrast:

• Past simple versus past continuous 1
• Past simple versus past continuous 2
• Past simple versus past continuous 3
• Past simple versus past continuous 4
• Past simple versus past continuous 5
• Past simple boy (from www.isabelperez.com)
• Lady past continuous (from www.isabelperez.com)
• Choose the right tense exercise (perfect-english-grammar.com)
• Revision exercise for unit 2 (past simple / past continuous / jobs / questions)
• Shakira's life (past simple exercise)

Present continuous

GRAMMAR:

EXERCISES:

• Englisch Hilfen-present progressive 1
• Englisch Hilfen-present progressive 2
• Englisch Hilfen-present progressive 3-contracted forms
• Englisch Hilfen-present progressive 4-contracted forms
• Englisch Hilfen-negatives 5
• Englisch Hilfen-contracted negatives 6
• Englisch Hilfen-questions7
• Englisch Hilfen-mixed 8
• Englisch Hilfen-mixed 9

Revision of present simple

GRAMMAR:

• Isabel Pérez
• Englisch Hilfen

EXERCISES:

• Isabel Pérez-affirmative1
• Isabel Pérez-affirmative2-word order
• Isabel Pérez-negative1
• Isabel Pérez-questions
• This Hot Potatoes exercise from our Aula Virtual
• Englisch Hilfen-affirmatives1
• Englisxh Hilfen-affirmatives2
• Englisch Hilfen-long negative 1
• Englisch Hilfen-long negative 2
• Englisch Hilfen-contracted negative 1
• Englisch Hilfen-contracted negative 2
• Ego4you affirmatives
• Really Learn English-affirmatives
• Really Learn English-affirmatives2
• Really Learn English-affirmatives3
• Really Learn English-affirmatives4
• Really LEarn English-affirmatives5

READING COMPREHENSION TEXTS:

• Tim's day text & questions
• My name is Ben
• Simple present stories from The ESL Times

Present perfect tense

In this unit we are going to revise present perfect simple tense.

This is the sheet were the image was taken from.

If you want extra revision about how to form or use present perfect, I hope these links will help you:

• Present perfect man (www.isabelperez.com)
• Exercise 1 (www-englisch-hilfen.de)
• Exercise 2 (www.englisch-hilfen.de)
• ever / never / just / already / yet
• English at home: grammar and exercises
• Hot Potatoes exercise
• Unit 3 final test
• Affirmative senteces in present perfect
• Negative sentences in present perfect (www.ego4u.com)
• Sentences with "never" in present perfect (www.ego4u.com)
• Questions in present perfect (www.ego4u.com)
• Exercise: affirmative, negative or question (Perfect English Grammar)
• Exercise 2 : affirmative, negative or question (Perfect English Grammar)
• Choose the right verb form (Using English)
• Choose the right verb (British Council)
• Put the sentences in order

CONTRAST

• past simple or present perfect (English Hilfen)
• past simple or present perfect (Study Zone)
• ESL lounge
• English Grammar Secrets
• Perfect English Grammar
• Perfect English Grammar 2
• Isabel Pérez -exercise 1
• Isabel Pérez -exercise 2

Revision of have got

HAVE GOT (AFFIRMATIVE)      

• I have got
• you have got
• he has got
• she has got
• it has got
• we have got
• you have got
• they have got

HAVE GOT (NEGATIVE)

• I haven't got
• you haven't got
• he hasn't got
• she hasn't got
• it hasn't got
• we haven't got
• you haven't got
• they haven't got

HAVE GOT (QUESTIONS)

• have I got...?
• have you got...?
• has he got...?
• has she got...?
• has it got...?
• have we got...?
• have you got...?
• have they got...?

EXERCISES

• exercise 0 - have or has
• exercise 1 -Isabel Pérez
• exercise 2- negatives - Isabel Pérez
• exercise 3 - (have got or has got) Englisch Hilfen
• exercise 4 - (have got or has got) Englisch Hilfen
• exercise 5 - (haven't got or hasn't got) - Englisch Hilfen
• exercise 6 - (haven't got or hasn't got: correct spelling) - Englisch Hilfen

Revision of comparative and superlative adjectives

These last weeks we have been studying comparative and superlative structures in our classes.  This chart summarizes the main points that you have to keep in mind:

If you want to download the worksheet used in class, click here and if you want to check if you already know this grammar structure, you may try:

• more detailed grammar rules 
• written exercise (printable sheet)
• exercise sheet
• this Hot Potatoes exercise.
• geography quizz
• crosswords from the BBC Learning English website
• English at home: grammar summary
• English at home: online exercise
• Englisch-hilfen comparatives 1
• Englisch-hilfen comparatives 2
• Englisch-hilfen superlatives 1
• Englisch-hilfen superlatives 2
• Englisch-hilfen as...as
• learnenglishfeelgood.com online exercise
• a selection of exercises from tolearnenglish.com
• basic comparatives: grammar and exercise from English at Home
• British Council: modifying comparatives
• Comparatives exercise (English at Home)
• Superlatives exercise (English at Home)

Now try comparing the pairs of elements in this presentation:

Comparison pairs from Ana Arias Castro

Last exercise: Compare the people in this picture:

Past simple and past continuous (or progressive)

Past simple is often used for past events in a past time. Most stories are told using this tense and it is often used together with past continuous.

Past continuous or past progressive is one of the tenses we are going to study this year.

The following chart summarises the most important aspects you'll have to learn about both of them:

USES:

• Past simple is used to tell about past event or stories:
• We went to Ireland and there we met your sister.
• My parents spent a weekend in Coruña but they didn't go to the port.
• When did they release the film? Last Friday?
• Past continuous is often used to talk about what was happening at a specific time in the past (talking about memories...)
• We were watching the film at lunch time.
• Two past continuous tenses can be used to talk about long, simultaneous actions in the past:
• We were studying while the dogs were barking in the yard.
• Both tenses are used to talk about something that happened at one point (in the past simple) while a longer action was taking place (in the past continuous). In this use, the clause referring to the longer action, is often introduced by while or as; or, alternatively, the shorter action clauses is introduced by when:
• We weren't watching the film when my sister rang.
• They found the lost key as they were having a walk along the river.
• Myrtle broke here leg while she was exercising in the park.

EXERCISES:

• Past continuous 1
• Past contunuous 2 - statements
• Past continuous 3 - statements
• Past continuous 4 - negative
• Past continuous 5 - questions
• Past continuous 6 questions
• Past continuous use
• Past simple versus past continuous 1
• Past simple versus past continuous 2
• Past simple versus past continuous 3
• Past simple versus past continuous 4
• Past simple versus past continuous 5
• Past simple boy (from www.isabelperez.com)
• Lady past continuous (from www.isabelperez.com)
• Choose the right tense exercise (perfect-english-grammar.com)
• Revision exercise for unit 2 (past simple / past continuous / jobs / questions)
• Shakira's life (past simple exercise)

Possessive adjectives

These exercises will let you revise your subject and determiner personal pronouns:

SUBJECT
These pronouns replace any other subject and they usually go before the verb:

• Are you 15? (= the person I am sepaking to)
• We don't like going to the beach. (=my sister and I)
• They are our best friends. (=Sandra and Lynn)

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

These determiners go before the noun and they tell us who (or what) the object, person... belongs to:

• I have a cat. This is my cat.
• Their homework is really difficult.
• My sister has a boyfriend. Her boyfriend is tall.

..........................................................................................

EXERCISES

• subject pronouns
• subject pronouns 2
• what type of pronoun is it?
• possessive adjectives
• possessive adjectives 2
• possessive adjectives 3
• possessive adjectives 4
• possessive adjectives 5
• possessive adjectives 6
• possessive adjectives 7

Can

FORM

affirmative

Dolphins can swim very well. (picture from Banco Imágenes INTEF)

I can
you can
he/she/it can
we can
you can
they can

negative
I cannot (can't)
you cannot (can't)
he/she/it cannot (can't)
we cannot (can't)
you cannot (can't)
they cannot (can't)

interrogative
can I ...?
can you...?
can he/she/it...?
can we...?
can you...?
can they...?

USE

• ability or possibility:
• We can play tennis.
• Can you speak Chinese?
• They can't ride a bike.
• permission to do something (similar to may):
• Can we leave?

EXERCISES

• exercise 1
• exercise 2
• exercise 3 - questions